COMMENTO AL LIBRO VII DEI POSTHOMERICA DI QUINTO SMIRNEO

This doctoral thesis aims to provide the reader with a commentary on book 7 of Quintus Smyrnaeus\u2019 Posthomerica. The starting point for this work has consisted in a detailed analysis of the lexicon, to which the most part of Chapter 3 is devoted. This research has allowed to achieve meaningful results, not only on a linguistic level, but also on a thematic and historico-literary one. These are displayed in Chapter 2 and they mainly deal with: 1) the use of language and similes in order to create intra- and intertextual links and contribute to characterization; 2) the position of book 7 within the poem and the relationship in particular with books 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 14; 3) intertextual references to authors prior to Quintus \u2013 firstly Homer, in relation to whom the Smyrnean poet operates according to the principle of imitatio cum variatione, but also Hesiod, the Trojan Cycle, the tragics, Apollonius Rhodius, Aratus, Oppian of Anazarbus and maybe also Virgil, Statius, Dictys and Dares; 4) the relationship with an author who was maybe contemporary with Quintus, namely Philostratus the Younger, and with other poets which may have recalled the Posthomerica, specifically Triphiodorus, Nonnus, Christodorus and Tzetzes; 5) the most relevant themes of the poem and of book 7 in particular: the bond between Neoptolemus and Achilles, the importance of parent-child relationships throughout the whole poem, the meaningful role played by Nestor and the stoic (or nearly stoic) morality supported by the poet

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS I) in the buffalo epididymis

The localization of neuronal nitric oxide (NOS I) in the buffalo epididymis have been investigated by nicotinamide adenite dinucleotide phosphatase-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemichemistry to the light microscope (LM) and NOS immunoistochemistry to the scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Histochemistry: examination of epididymis specimens revealed an intense NADPH-d staining in the basal cell epithelium and endothelium cells of blood vessel. The NADPH diaphorase staining was diffuse and granular only along the caput epididymal epithelium. NADPH diaphorase staining was less intense or absent in the corpus and in the cauda of epididymis. Dense NADPH diaphorase is labeling in the endothelium of blood vessels along the whole buffalo epididymis. Immunoistochemistry: intense NOS I immunoreactivity was detected in the caput epididymis specimen by immuno-SEM. The basal epithelium showed intense and wide-spread immunoreactivity. In the corpus and in the cauda of the epididymis not observed NOS I immunoreactivity. The specific localization of NOS I in buffalo epididymis suggest that nitric oxide may be involved to explain epididymal function: maturation and storage

Urocortin-like immunoreactivity in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Urocortin (UCN) is a 40 aminoacid peptide which belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family. This family of peptides stimulates the secretion of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), β-endorphin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) in the pituitary gland. In the present study, using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the distribution of UCN in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck was investigated at different ages. In the cloacal burse and thymus, Western blot demonstrated the presence of a peptide having a molecular weight compatible with that of the mammalian UCN. In the cloacal burse, immunoreactivity was located in the medullary epithelial cells and in the follicular associated and corticomedullary epithelium. In the thymus, immunoreactivity was located in single epithelial cells. Double labelling immunofluorescence studies showed that UCN immunoreactivity completely colocalised with cytokeratin immunoreactivity in both the thymus and cloacal burse. Statistically significant differences in the percentage of UCN immunoreactivity were observed between different age periods in the cloacal burse. The results suggest that, in birds, urocortin has an important role in regulating the function of the immune system

Drilling polymeric matrix composites

This chapter presents the basics of drilling of polymeric matrix composites (PMCs). PMCs are becoming widely used in the manufacturing of products where a high mechanical strength must be accompanied by a low weight. However, the machining of PMCs implies coping with problems that are not encountered when machining other materials. Drilling is a particularly critical operation for PMCs laminates because the large concentrated forces generated can lead to widespread damage. This damage causes aesthetic problems but, more importantly, may compromise the mechanical properties of the finished part

Innervation and immunohistochemical characteristics of epididymis in alpaca camelid (Vicugna pacos)

Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) are domesticated camelids indigenous to south America and recently also bred in Europe and Italy for their high quality wool. There is little data available regarding the innervation of the male reproductive tract of this species. In the present study, the distribution of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxilase (TH), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) was analyzed in the epididymis by using immunohistochemical methods. Specimens of the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis were fixed in Bouin's fluid and processed for immunohistochemistry analysis with primary antibodies against PGP 9.5, NPY, TH, CGRP and SP. Immunopositivity to PGP 9.5 and TH and NPY was observed in nerve fibre bundles and in single nerve fibres contained into the peritubular connective tissue. Many TH and NPY immunopositive cells were found to innervate blood vessels. Rare CGRP and SP immunopositive nerves were observed. Several PGP 9,5 and NPY immunopositive epithelial cells were observed in the caput epididymis. The results of the present study suggest a role for the innervations in modulate reproductive functions in the alpaca epididymis

Urocortin-like immunoreactivity in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck. (Anas platyrhynchos).

Urocortin (UCN) is a 40 aminoacid peptide which belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family. This family of peptides stimulates the secretion of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), b-endorphin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) in the pituitary gland. In the present study, using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the distribution of UCN in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck was investigated at different ages. In the cloacal burse and thymus, Western blot demonstrated the presence of a peptide having a molecular weight compatible with that of the mammalian UCN. In the cloacal burse, immunoreactivity was located in the medullary epithelial cells and in the follicular associated and cortico-medullary epithelium. In the thymus, immunoreactivity was located in single epithelial cells. Double labelling immunofluorescence studies showed that UCN immunoreactivity completely colocalised with cytokeratin immunoreactivity in both the thymus and cloacal burse. Statistically significant differences in the percentage of UCN immunoreactivity were observed between different age periods in the cloacal burse. The results suggest that, in birds, urocortin has an important role in regulating the function of the immune system

Localization of orexin B and receptor 2 for orexins in testicular cytotypes of the camelid alpaca (Vicugna pacos).

The orexins A (OxA) and B (OxB) are two hypothalamic peptides involved in many physiological functions of the mammalian body. They act through the binding of two G-coupled receptors named receptor 1 (OX1 ) and receptor 2 (OX2 ) for orexins. The first receptor is specific for OxA, while the second binds both the substances with equal affinity. The orexins and the relative receptors have been traced by means of different techniques also at the periphery of the body and particularly in the adrenals, and in gastrointestinal and genital organs. Aim of this work was to investigate the presence of OxB and OX2 by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis in the testis of the South American camelid alpaca, a species primarily breed in Chile and Ecuador and recently diffused in Europe where the quality of its wool is particularly appreciated. OxB immunoreactivity (IR) was found in the tubular compartment of the testis where spermatogonia (resting), zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes, and spermatids clearly showed differently sized and shaped cytoplasmic positive structures. OX2 -IR was found both in the interstitial and tubular compartments of the testis and particularly in Leydig cells and round and elongated spermatids. Western blotting analysis of testis lysates showed the presence of a protein band whose molecular weight corresponded to that currently assigned to OX2 . Such findings easily translate the hypothesis that OxB and its receptor 2 play a functional role both in the interstitial and tubular compartments of the alpaca testis

Expression of orexin A and its receptor 1 in the rat epididymis.

The hypothalamic peptide orexin A (oxA) derives from the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor molecule prepro-orexin. It binds with the high affinity G-protein-coupled orexin receptor 1 (OX1R). Here, we report the detection of oxA and OX1R in the principal cells of the rat caudal epididymis by immunohistochemistry. Both oxA and OX1R immunolabelling showed cytoplasmic supranuclear localization, filling the apical portion of the cells. The expression of prepro-orexin and OX1R mRNA transcripts in the rat epididymis was assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, while the presence of both these proteins in the tissue was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Our findings provide the evidence for the presence of oxA and OX1R in the rat epididymis, and demonstrate that both proteins are locally synthesised, thus suggesting a role for oxA in governing the fertilizing capability of the immature male gamete

Why Treat Patients with a Major Orthopaedic Surgery Only to Send Them Back to the Vulnerable Conditions That Made Them Sick in the First Place? A Conceptual Scenario to Improve Patient’s Journey

Individuals with severe cartilage degeneration of the hip or knee or collapsed vertebrae that cause spine deformities can suffer from joint and neuropathic pain in the back, disuse of the affected limb, and restriction of movements. Surgical intervention is the most widespread and successful solution to date. There is a general belief that eating healthy and staying physically and mentally active might have a preventive role against musculoskeletal disease occurrence, while instead, we are more certain of the benefits deriving from a healthy diet and exercise therapy after major orthopaedic procedures. These aspects are in fact vital components in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes. However, they are applied in hospital settings, are often centre-dependent, and lack primary and tertiary preventive efficacy since end once the patient is discharged. There is the lack of initiatives at the territorial level that ensure a continuum in the patient?s journey towards orthopaedic surgery, home transition, and a healthy and long-lasting life. The expert panel advocates the integration of an intermediate lifestyle clinic that promotes healthy eating, physical activity, and sleep hygiene. In this facility directed by professionals in enhancing recovery after surgery, patients can be referred after the surgical indication and before home discharge. Surgery is in fact a moment when individuals are more curious to do their best to heal and stay healthy, representing a timepoint and opportunity for educating patients on how lifestyle changes may optimise not only their surgical recovery but also long-term future health state

A slowly progressive mitochondrial encephalomyopathy widens the spectrum of AIFM1 disorders

To date, 3 AIFM1 (apoptosis inducing factor mitochondrial 1, located on Xq26.1) mutations have been reported: 2 missense changes (c.923G>A/p.Gly308Glu; c.1478A>T/p.Glu493Val) and a 3-basepair deletion (c.601delAGA/p.Arg201del). Two mutations have been described in early-onset severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy related to impaired oxidative phosphorylation.(1,2) A third mutation is associated with Cowchock syndrome, or Charcot-Marie-Tooth X4 (CMTX4), a slowly progressive disorder characterized by axonal neuropathy, hearing loss, and mental retardation.(3,4</SUP